chenshuobo
b07ccb4bf5
Reviewed-on: #71 Co-authored-by: chenshuobo <chenshuobo@wonderable.ai> Co-committed-by: chenshuobo <chenshuobo@wonderable.ai>
518 lines
22 KiB
Python
518 lines
22 KiB
Python
"""美团 CPS 券定时抓取入库(全国 359 个地级市)。
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把每个城市的 3 路券抓进 meituan_coupon 表,供「智能推荐 / 销量最高」从库里捞、本地排序,
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不再实时打美团:
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1. search_waimai : 到家/外卖, 搜「外卖」 翻到尽头
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2. search_meishi : 到家/外卖, 搜「美食」 翻到尽头
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3. store_supply : 到店, 多业务线供给(到餐+到综+酒店+门票) 翻到尽头
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城市来自 app/integrations/data/meituan_cities.json(美团官方城市字典,359 地级市)。
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实测一个地级市 cityId 已覆盖其下辖县级市(徐州 → 邳州/新沂…),故按地级市抓即可。
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并发:城市级并发(每城内部仍顺序跑 3 路),主线程串行入库(Session 不跨线程)。
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实测单城全量 ~110s/~2300 条;15 并发抓完全国一轮 ~50–60min,402 占比 ~3% 且退避全消化。
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mentor 要求每 3h 全量一轮,窗口充裕,故默认 12 并发 + 启动错峰,把瞬时峰值与 402 压更低。
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按 (source, product_view_sign) upsert 存最新态;last_seen 每轮刷新。带文件锁,防止
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上一轮没跑完下一轮又起。
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用法:
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# 单轮全量(给 cron 用,线上每 3h 一次)
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python -m scripts.pull_meituan_coupons --once
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# 常驻循环(每 3h 一轮)
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python -m scripts.pull_meituan_coupons --loop --interval 10800
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# 本地测试:只抓前 N 个城市 / 指定城市
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python -m scripts.pull_meituan_coupons --once --limit 3
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python -m scripts.pull_meituan_coupons --once --city-ids OCZOBCJDEXKE7KBN3BD7AYQG2Q
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部署(服务器):推荐 cron 跑 --once(每 3h),避免长驻进程孤儿:
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0 */3 * * * cd /path/to/app-server && .venv/bin/python -m scripts.pull_meituan_coupons --once >> data/etl.log 2>&1
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"""
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from __future__ import annotations
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import argparse
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import hashlib
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import logging
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import os
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import re
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import sys
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import tempfile
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import threading
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import time
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from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
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from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
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# Windows 控制台按 UTF-8 输出中文/¥;line_buffering=True 让 print 每行即时 flush——
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# 否则 stdout 重定向到 cron/后台日志文件时是块缓冲,要攒到 ~4KB 或进程退出才落盘,
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# 常驻(--loop)时几乎看不到每轮进度。
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try:
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sys.stdout.reconfigure(encoding="utf-8", line_buffering=True) # type: ignore[attr-defined]
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except Exception: # noqa: BLE001
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pass
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import httpx # noqa: E402
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from sqlalchemy import delete, func, select # noqa: E402
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from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import insert as pg_insert # noqa: E402
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from app.db.session import SessionLocal, engine # noqa: E402
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from app.integrations.cities import all_cities # noqa: E402
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from app.integrations.meituan import MeituanCpsError, _call # noqa: E402
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from app.models.meituan_coupon import MeituanCoupon # noqa: E402
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# dev 默认 create_engine(echo=True) 会逐条打 SQL,本脚本逐城 upsert 会把日志刷爆;
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# ETL 不需要 SQL 日志,显式关掉(入库不受影响;线上 prod 本就 echo=False)。
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engine.echo = False
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# 美团调用偶发错误(本机走代理高并发时的 SSL EOF / 上游 code=5 等)会被 meituan._call 的
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# logger.exception 打完整 traceback,并发抓取下单轮可刷数十 KB 日志。ETL 自己用 _STATS 统计
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# 「放弃页数」,无需逐条 traceback,故把美团 logger 压到 CRITICAL(线上直连少见此类错误)。
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logging.getLogger("shagua.meituan").setLevel(logging.CRITICAL)
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QUERY_PATH = "/cps_open/common/api/v1/query_coupon"
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PAGE_SIZE = 20
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MAX_PAGES = 80 # 单路安全上限(搜索 ~52 页、供给 ~70 页)
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PAGE_SLEEP = 0.35 # 页间配速,缓解 402
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RETRY = 7
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# 运行锁默认放系统临时目录(任何账号可写),不依赖代码目录 data/ 的写权限——
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# 无 sudo 部署时 data/ 常属 root,cps 写不了会导致每轮 PermissionError、cron 抓不进数据。
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# 需要指定位置时用环境变量 MEITUAN_ETL_LOCK 覆盖。
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LOCK_FILE = os.environ.get("MEITUAN_ETL_LOCK") or os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), "meituan_etl.lock")
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# 多城全量一轮 ~50–60min,锁陈旧阈值放宽到 90min,避免把「正在跑的轮次」误判为残留而接管。
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LOCK_STALE_SEC = 90 * 60
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DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY = 12 # 并发城市数(实测 15 并发 402 占 3% 可退避消化;12 更稳,3h 窗口充裕)
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STARTUP_STAGGER = 0.3 # 首批城市启动错峰间隔秒(削平瞬时峰值,实测能压低 402)
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PRUNE_FAIL_RATIO_MAX = 0.05 # 失败城占比超此值则本轮跳过 prune(避免大面积抓取失败误删库)
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# 头图大小/类型富集:每城抓完后,按 head_url 去重并发 HEAD 取 Content-Length / Content-Type,
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# 写进 image_size / image_type。图片走美团图片 CDN(p*.meituan.net / img.meituan.net),直连可达、
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# 与 CPS 网关 402 限流无关;任何失败 → None,不阻断入库。城市级已 12 并发,这里每城再开 8,
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# 叠加峰值 ~96 个 HEAD,CDN 扛得住(实测单进程 50 并发稳)。
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IMAGE_META_WORKERS = 8 # 每城 HEAD 并发数
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IMAGE_META_TIMEOUT = 8.0 # 单图 HEAD 超时秒
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SOURCES = [
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{"code": "search_waimai", "label": "外卖·搜外卖", "kind": "search", "platform": 1, "keyword": "外卖"},
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{"code": "search_meishi", "label": "外卖·搜美食", "kind": "search", "platform": 1, "keyword": "美食"},
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{"code": "store_supply", "label": "到店·多业务线供给", "kind": "supply",
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"platform": 2, "biz_lines": [1, 2, 3, 4]},
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]
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# 跨线程统计(并发抓取下汇总请求量 / 402 / 放弃页数,供观测限流)
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_STATS_LOCK = threading.Lock()
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_STATS = {"req": 0, "r402": 0, "err": 0}
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def _bump(key: str) -> None:
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with _STATS_LOCK:
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_STATS[key] += 1
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# ───────────────────────── 美团调用 ─────────────────────────
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def _call_retry(body: dict) -> dict | None:
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"""打美团,402/频繁退避重试;其它错误放弃本页。并发下不逐条 print(避免刷屏),计入 _STATS。"""
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for a in range(RETRY):
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_bump("req")
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try:
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return _call(QUERY_PATH, body)
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except MeituanCpsError as e:
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msg = str(e)
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if "402" in msg or "频繁" in msg:
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_bump("r402")
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time.sleep(2.5 * (a + 1))
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continue
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_bump("err")
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return None
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except Exception: # noqa: BLE001
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time.sleep(2.0 * (a + 1))
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_bump("err")
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return None
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def _pull_search(city_id: str, platform: int, keyword: str) -> list[dict]:
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rows: list[dict] = []
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sid = None
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pg = 1
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while pg <= MAX_PAGES:
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body = {"platform": platform, "searchText": keyword, "cityId": city_id, "pageSize": PAGE_SIZE}
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if sid:
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body["searchId"] = sid
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else:
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body["pageNo"] = pg
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r = _call_retry(body)
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if not r:
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break
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sid = r.get("searchId")
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data = r.get("data") or []
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rows.extend(data)
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if not r.get("hasNext") or not data:
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break
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pg += 1
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time.sleep(PAGE_SLEEP)
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return rows
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def _pull_supply(city_id: str, platform: int, biz_lines: list[int]) -> list[dict]:
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rows: list[dict] = []
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sid = None
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biz_param = [{"bizLine": b} for b in biz_lines]
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for _ in range(MAX_PAGES):
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body = {
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"multipleSupplyList": [{"platform": platform, "bizLineParamList": biz_param}],
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"cityId": city_id,
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"sortField": 2, # 供给查询 sortField 必填;我们入库后本地再排,这里给个默认
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"pageSize": PAGE_SIZE,
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}
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if sid:
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body["searchId"] = sid
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r = _call_retry(body)
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if not r:
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break
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sid = r.get("searchId")
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data = r.get("data") or []
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rows.extend(data)
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if not r.get("hasNext") or not data:
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break
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time.sleep(PAGE_SLEEP)
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return rows
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# ───────────────────────── 解析 ─────────────────────────
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_SV_RE = re.compile(r"(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)\s*(w|万|k)?", re.I)
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def _sale_volume_num(s: str | None) -> int | None:
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"""'热销1w+' → 10000, '热销500+' → 500(取下界,排序用)。"""
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if not s:
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return None
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m = _SV_RE.search(str(s))
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if not m:
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return None
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v = float(m.group(1))
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u = (m.group(2) or "").lower()
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if u in ("w", "万"):
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v *= 10000
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elif u == "k":
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v *= 1000
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return int(v)
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def _to_cents(yuan) -> int | None:
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if yuan in (None, "", "null"):
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return None
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try:
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return round(float(yuan) * 100)
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except (TypeError, ValueError):
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return None
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def _strip_nul(v):
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"""递归去掉字符串里的 NUL(0x00):PostgreSQL 的 text / jsonb 字段都不接受该字节,
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美团偶有脏数据(某券文本含 NUL)会让整批 upsert 抛 DataError。入库前统一清洗。"""
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if isinstance(v, str):
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return v.replace(chr(0), "")
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if isinstance(v, dict):
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return {k: _strip_nul(x) for k, x in v.items()}
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if isinstance(v, list):
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return [_strip_nul(x) for x in v]
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return v
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def _parse_item(item: dict, source: dict, city_id: str) -> dict | None:
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cpd = item.get("couponPackDetail") or {}
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br = item.get("brandInfo") or {}
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ci = item.get("commissionInfo") or {}
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poi = item.get("availablePoiInfo") or {}
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dp = item.get("deliverablePoiInfo") or {}
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sign = cpd.get("productViewSign") or cpd.get("skuViewId")
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if not sign:
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return None
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name = cpd.get("name") or ""
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brand = br.get("brandName") or ""
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price_cents = _to_cents(cpd.get("sellPrice"))
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comm_pct = None
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if ci.get("commissionPercent") is not None:
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try:
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comm_pct = float(ci["commissionPercent"]) / 100.0 # 140 → 1.4(%)
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except (TypeError, ValueError):
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comm_pct = None
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dist = dp.get("deliveryDistance")
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try:
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dist = float(dist) if dist not in (None, "", "null") else None
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except (TypeError, ValueError):
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dist = None
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dedup_raw = f"{brand}|{name}|{price_cents}"
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# 入库前递归清洗 NUL(美团脏数据偶含 0x00,PostgreSQL text/jsonb 拒绝整批 → DataError)
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return _strip_nul({
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"source": source["code"],
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"platform": source["platform"],
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"biz_line": item.get("bizLine") or cpd.get("bizLine"),
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"city_id": city_id,
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"product_view_sign": str(sign)[:128],
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"sku_view_id": cpd.get("skuViewId"),
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"name": (name[:256] or None),
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"brand_name": (brand[:128] or None),
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"sell_price_cents": price_cents,
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"original_price_cents": _to_cents(cpd.get("originalPrice")),
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"head_url": ((cpd.get("headUrl") or "").split("@")[0][:512] or None),
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# 占位;由 _fill_image_meta 抓完本城后并发 HEAD 回填(键必须在,upsert 才会带上这两列)
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"image_size": None,
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"image_type": None,
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"sale_volume": cpd.get("saleVolume"),
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"sale_volume_num": _sale_volume_num(cpd.get("saleVolume")),
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"commission_percent": comm_pct,
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"commission_amount_cents": _to_cents(ci.get("commission")),
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"poi_name": ((dp.get("poiName") or "")[:128] or None),
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"available_poi_num": poi.get("availablePoiNum"),
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"delivery_distance_m": dist,
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"dedup_key": hashlib.md5(dedup_raw.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest(),
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"raw": item,
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})
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def _head_image_meta(client: httpx.Client, url: str) -> tuple[int | None, str | None]:
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"""HEAD 单张头图,取 (字节大小, MIME 类型);任何失败返回 (None, None),不阻断入库。"""
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try:
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r = client.head(url, timeout=IMAGE_META_TIMEOUT, follow_redirects=True)
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if r.status_code >= 400:
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return None, None
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cl = r.headers.get("content-length")
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size = int(cl) if cl and cl.isdigit() else None
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ctype = (r.headers.get("content-type") or "").split(";")[0].strip()[:32] or None
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return size, ctype
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except Exception: # noqa: BLE001
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return None, None
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def _fill_image_meta(rows: list[dict]) -> None:
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"""就地为本城 rows 填 image_size / image_type:按 head_url 去重后并发 HEAD,再回填每行。
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trust_env=False 直连图片 CDN(绕本机代理,CDN 无需走 CPS 代理)。"""
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urls = {r["head_url"] for r in rows if r.get("head_url")}
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if not urls:
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return
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meta: dict[str, tuple[int | None, str | None]] = {}
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with httpx.Client(trust_env=False, timeout=IMAGE_META_TIMEOUT) as client:
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with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=IMAGE_META_WORKERS) as pool:
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futs = {pool.submit(_head_image_meta, client, u): u for u in urls}
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for f in as_completed(futs):
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meta[futs[f]] = f.result()
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for r in rows:
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m = meta.get(r.get("head_url"))
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if m:
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r["image_size"], r["image_type"] = m
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def _pull_one_city(city: dict, index: int, concurrency: int, stagger: float) -> list[dict]:
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"""抓单个城市的 3 路券并解析。worker 线程内执行(只抓取+解析,不碰 DB)。
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启动错峰:首批并发的 `concurrency` 个城市按 index 错开首请求,削平瞬时峰值(压低 402)。
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"""
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if stagger:
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time.sleep((index % concurrency) * stagger)
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cid = city["city_id"]
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parsed: list[dict] = []
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for src in SOURCES:
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if src["kind"] == "search":
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items = _pull_search(cid, src["platform"], src["keyword"])
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else:
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items = _pull_supply(cid, src["platform"], src["biz_lines"])
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for it in items:
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p = _parse_item(it, src, cid)
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if p:
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parsed.append(p)
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_fill_image_meta(parsed) # 抓完本城 → 并发 HEAD 回填头图 image_size/image_type
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return parsed
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# ───────────────────────── 入库(upsert) ─────────────────────────
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def _upsert(db, rows: list[dict], now: datetime) -> tuple[int, int]:
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"""按 (source, product_view_sign) upsert。返回 (入库去重后条数, 本源内重复条数)。"""
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if not rows:
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return 0, 0
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dedup: dict[tuple, dict] = {}
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for r in rows:
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dedup[(r["source"], r["product_view_sign"])] = r # 同轮内同键保留最后一条
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payload = list(dedup.values())
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for r in payload:
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r["last_seen"] = now
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r["updated_at"] = now
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chunk = 500
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for i in range(0, len(payload), chunk):
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part = payload[i:i + chunk]
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stmt = pg_insert(MeituanCoupon).values(part)
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update_cols = {
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c: getattr(stmt.excluded, c)
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for c in part[0]
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if c not in ("source", "product_view_sign", "first_seen")
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}
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stmt = stmt.on_conflict_do_update(
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constraint="uq_meituan_coupon_source_sign", set_=update_cols
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)
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db.execute(stmt)
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db.commit()
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return len(payload), len(rows) - len(payload)
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# ───────────────────────── 运行锁 ─────────────────────────
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def _acquire_lock() -> bool:
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os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(LOCK_FILE) or ".", exist_ok=True)
|
||
try:
|
||
fd = os.open(LOCK_FILE, os.O_CREAT | os.O_EXCL | os.O_WRONLY)
|
||
os.write(fd, f"{os.getpid()} {time.time()}".encode())
|
||
os.close(fd)
|
||
return True
|
||
except FileExistsError:
|
||
try:
|
||
with open(LOCK_FILE) as f:
|
||
parts = f.read().split()
|
||
ts = float(parts[1]) if len(parts) > 1 else 0.0
|
||
if time.time() - ts > LOCK_STALE_SEC:
|
||
os.remove(LOCK_FILE)
|
||
return _acquire_lock()
|
||
except Exception: # noqa: BLE001
|
||
pass
|
||
return False
|
||
|
||
|
||
def _release_lock() -> None:
|
||
try:
|
||
os.remove(LOCK_FILE)
|
||
except OSError:
|
||
pass
|
||
|
||
|
||
# ───────────────────────── 主流程 ─────────────────────────
|
||
|
||
def run_once(
|
||
prune_hours: int = 24,
|
||
concurrency: int = DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY,
|
||
stagger: float = STARTUP_STAGGER,
|
||
cities: list[dict] | None = None,
|
||
) -> None:
|
||
if not _acquire_lock():
|
||
print(f"[{datetime.now():%H:%M:%S}] 上一轮还在跑(锁占用),跳过本轮")
|
||
return
|
||
t0 = time.time()
|
||
now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
|
||
with _STATS_LOCK:
|
||
_STATS.update(req=0, r402=0, err=0)
|
||
cities = cities if cities is not None else all_cities()
|
||
n_city = len(cities)
|
||
db = SessionLocal()
|
||
try:
|
||
total_up = 0
|
||
done = 0
|
||
fails: list[str] = []
|
||
# 城市级并发抓取(worker 只抓取+解析),主线程逐城串行入库(Session 不跨线程)。
|
||
with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=concurrency) as pool:
|
||
futs = {
|
||
pool.submit(_pull_one_city, city, i, concurrency, stagger): city
|
||
for i, city in enumerate(cities)
|
||
}
|
||
for fut in as_completed(futs):
|
||
city = futs[fut]
|
||
try:
|
||
parsed = fut.result()
|
||
except Exception as e: # noqa: BLE001
|
||
fails.append(city["name"])
|
||
print(f" [fail] {city['name']}: {type(e).__name__}: {str(e)[:60]}")
|
||
continue
|
||
try:
|
||
up, _dup = _upsert(db, parsed, now)
|
||
except Exception as e: # noqa: BLE001
|
||
db.rollback() # 事务已 abort,必须 rollback 才能继续给下一城复用 Session
|
||
fails.append(city["name"])
|
||
print(f" [入库失败] {city['name']}: {type(e).__name__}: {str(e)[:80]}")
|
||
continue
|
||
total_up += up
|
||
done += 1
|
||
if done % 20 == 0 or done == n_city:
|
||
print(f" [{done}/{n_city}] {city['name']:10} 抓{len(parsed):5} 入库{up:5} "
|
||
f"(累计入库 {total_up}, 用时 {time.time() - t0:.0f}s)")
|
||
|
||
# 清理陈旧券(美团 sign 轮换 / 券下架残留),默认 24h 宽限。两道护栏防误删:
|
||
# ① total_up>0:本轮 0 入库(疑似上游整体故障,脚本不抛异常只抓回空)时跳过,否则
|
||
# 会按 last_seen 把全表删空;
|
||
# ② 失败城占比 ≤5%:大面积城市抓取失败(限流/网络)时跳过,避免误删还在架上的券。
|
||
fail_ratio = len(fails) / max(1, n_city)
|
||
if prune_hours and prune_hours > 0 and total_up > 0 and fail_ratio <= PRUNE_FAIL_RATIO_MAX:
|
||
cutoff = now - timedelta(hours=prune_hours)
|
||
pruned = db.execute(
|
||
delete(MeituanCoupon).where(MeituanCoupon.last_seen < cutoff)
|
||
).rowcount
|
||
db.commit()
|
||
if pruned:
|
||
print(f" 清理陈旧券(>{prune_hours}h 未再出现): {pruned} 条")
|
||
elif prune_hours and prune_hours > 0:
|
||
reason = "本轮 0 入库" if total_up == 0 else f"失败城占比 {fail_ratio:.0%}>{PRUNE_FAIL_RATIO_MAX:.0%}"
|
||
print(f" 跳过 prune({reason},防误删)")
|
||
|
||
cnt = db.execute(select(func.count()).select_from(MeituanCoupon)).scalar()
|
||
with _STATS_LOCK:
|
||
req, r402, err = _STATS["req"], _STATS["r402"], _STATS["err"]
|
||
fail_tail = (": " + ",".join(fails[:10])) if fails else ""
|
||
print(f"[{datetime.now():%H:%M:%S}] 本轮完成: {done}/{n_city} 城, 入库 {total_up} 条, "
|
||
f"表总计 {cnt} 行, 请求 {req}(402 {r402} / 放弃 {err}), "
|
||
f"失败城 {len(fails)}{fail_tail}, 用时 {time.time() - t0:.0f}s")
|
||
finally:
|
||
db.close()
|
||
_release_lock()
|
||
|
||
|
||
def _select_cities(limit: int, city_ids: str) -> list[dict]:
|
||
cities = all_cities()
|
||
if city_ids.strip():
|
||
want = {c.strip() for c in city_ids.split(",") if c.strip()}
|
||
return [c for c in cities if c["city_id"] in want]
|
||
if limit and limit > 0:
|
||
return cities[:limit]
|
||
return cities
|
||
|
||
|
||
def main() -> None:
|
||
ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="美团 CPS 券定时抓取入库(全国 359 地级市)")
|
||
ap.add_argument("--once", action="store_true", help="只跑一轮(默认)")
|
||
ap.add_argument("--loop", action="store_true", help="循环跑")
|
||
ap.add_argument("--interval", type=int, default=10800,
|
||
help="循环间隔秒(默认 10800=3h,对齐每 3h 全量一轮)")
|
||
ap.add_argument("--prune-hours", type=int, default=24,
|
||
help="清理超过 N 小时未再出现的陈旧券(默认 24;0=不清理)")
|
||
ap.add_argument("--concurrency", type=int, default=DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY,
|
||
help=f"并发城市数(默认 {DEFAULT_CONCURRENCY};实测 15 并发 402 占 3%% 可退避消化)")
|
||
ap.add_argument("--stagger", type=float, default=STARTUP_STAGGER,
|
||
help=f"首批城市启动错峰间隔秒(默认 {STARTUP_STAGGER};削平瞬时峰值压低 402)")
|
||
ap.add_argument("--limit", type=int, default=0, help="只抓前 N 个城市(测试用,0=全部)")
|
||
ap.add_argument("--city-ids", default="", help="只抓这些 cityId(逗号分隔,测试用,优先于 --limit)")
|
||
args = ap.parse_args()
|
||
|
||
cities = _select_cities(args.limit, args.city_ids)
|
||
print(f"城市数: {len(cities)} / 并发: {args.concurrency} / 错峰: {args.stagger}s / 间隔: {args.interval}s")
|
||
|
||
if args.loop:
|
||
print(f"循环模式: 每 {args.interval}s 一轮 (Ctrl-C 退出)")
|
||
while True:
|
||
try:
|
||
run_once(args.prune_hours, args.concurrency, args.stagger, cities)
|
||
except Exception as e: # noqa: BLE001
|
||
print(f"[{datetime.now():%H:%M:%S}] 本轮异常: {type(e).__name__}: {e}")
|
||
_release_lock()
|
||
time.sleep(args.interval)
|
||
else:
|
||
run_once(args.prune_hours, args.concurrency, args.stagger, cities)
|
||
|
||
|
||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||
main()
|